Kodwa nangona abantu baseMelika bedla i-2.8 yeebhiliyoni zeeponti zetshokholethi emnandi kwangoko ngonyaka, unikezelo oluthengwe kushishino lwenkonzo yokutya lukhulu ngokulinganayo, kwaye amafama ekoko kufuneka avuzwe, kukho icala elimnyama kolu setyenziso.Iifama ezilawulwa lusapho apho ishishini lixhomekeke kuzo akonwabanga.Amafama e-cocoa ahlawulwa kancinci kangangoko, anyanzelekile ukuba aphile ngaphantsi komgca wentlupheko, kwaye ukuxhatshazwa kuyaqhubeka ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwabantwana.Ngokuwa kokungalingani okukhulu kwishishini letshokolethi, iimveliso ezikholisa ukukholisa ngoku zishiya incasa embi emlonyeni.Oku kuchaphazela inkonzo yokutya kuba abapheki kunye nabanye abakwishishini bajongene nokukhetha phakathi kozinzo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso evenkile.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, isiseko sabalandeli betshokholethi emnyama e-United States siye saqhubeka sikhula-kwaye ngesizathu esihle.Akukholeleki kwaye kulungile kwimpilo yakho.Kangangeenkulungwane, i-cocoa yayisetyenziswa yodwa kwiinjongo zonyango, kwaye izibakala ziye zabonisa ukuba abantu bamandulo babechanekile.Itshokholethi emnyama iqulethe i-flavanols kunye ne-magnesium, ezo zimbini izondlo ezisisiseko ezilungileyo kwintliziyo kunye nengqondo.Nangona inempembelelo entle kwabo bayityayo, abo balima iimbotyi zekoko babandezeleka kakhulu ngenxa yamaxabiso aphantsi ngokungenabuntu eemveliso zeembotyi zekoko.Umyinge womvuzo wonyaka womlimi wekoko umalunga ne-US$1,400 ukuya kwi-US$2,000, nto leyo eyenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwemihla ngemihla lube ngaphantsi kwe-US$1.Ngokutsho kweManchester Media Group, amafama amaninzi akukho nto anokuyenza ngaphandle kokuhlala kwintlupheko ngenxa yokusasazwa kokungalingani kwenzuzo.Iindaba ezimnandi kukuba ezinye iimpawu zisebenza nzima ukuphucula ishishini.Oku kubandakanya i-Tony's Chocolonely yaseNetherlands, ehlonipha abalimi be-cocoa ekuboneleleni ngembuyekezo efanelekileyo.Iintlobo zeentlobo ezisengozini kunye notshintshiselwano olulinganayo nalo luyakwenza oku, ngoko ikamva loshishino lwetshokolethi lizele lithemba.
Ngenxa yamaxabiso aphantsi ahlawulwa ziinkampani ezinkulu kumafama, ukuqeshwa kwabantwana ngokungekho mthethweni kukho kwimimandla evelisa ikokhokho eNtshona Afrika.Enyanisweni, abantwana abazizigidi ezisisi-2.1 baqeshwe ezifama ngenxa yokuba abazali babo okanye oomakhulu nootatomkhulu babo abanakukwazi ukuqesha abasebenzi.Ngokweengxelo ezininzi, aba bantwana abasafundi ngoku, nto leyo esongeza kumthwalo kwishishini letshokholethi.Kuphela yi-10% yeengeniso ezipheleleyo zolu shishino eziya kwiifama, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba la mashishini osapho angakwazi ukuwenza ngokusemthethweni umsebenzi wawo aze abakhuphe kubuhlwempu.Ukwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, abantwana abaqikelelwa kuma-30 000 abasebenza kwishishini lekoko eNtshona Afrika baye barhweba ebukhobokeni.
Amafama asebenzisa ukuqeshwa kwabantwana ukugcina ukukhuphisana kwamaxabiso, nokuba akuzuzisi bona ngokwabo.Nangona ifama isesichengeni sokuqhubeka nalo mkhwa ngenxa yokungabikho kweminye imisebenzi kunye nokungabikho kwemfundo enokubakho, oyena mqhubi mkhulu wokuqeshwa kwabantwana usesezandleni zeenkampani ezithenga ikokho.Urhulumente waseNtshona Afrika ezifama ziphantsi kwakhe naye unoxanduva lokulungisa izinto, kodwa ukwagxininisa kwigalelo leefama zekoko zasekuhlaleni, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana kuloo mmandla.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba amasebe ahlukeneyo kufuneka asebenzisane kunye nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana kwiifama ze-cocoa, kodwa utshintsho olukhulu lunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba inkampani ethenga i-cocoa inikezela ngamaxabiso angcono.Kuyaphazamisa kwakhona ukuba ixabiso lemveliso yetshokolethi lifikelela kwiibhiliyoni zeedola, kwaye ngo-2026, imarike yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-171.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.Esi sibikezelo sodwa sinokuthi sixelele ibali lonke-ngokuthelekiswa nokutya, xa kuthelekiswa nenkonzo yokutya kunye neemarike zokuthengisa, iinkampani zithengisa i-tshokoleta ngamaxabiso aphezulu kunye nokuba bahlawula kangakanani izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.Ukusetyenzwa kuyajongwa kuhlalutyo, kodwa nokuba ukusetyenzwa kuqukiwe, amaxabiso aphantsi amafama ekufuneka ajongane nawo akakho ngqiqweni.Akumangalisi ukuba ixabiso letshokolethi elihlawulwe ngumsebenzisi wokugqibela alitshintshanga kakhulu, kuba ifama inomthwalo omkhulu.
UNestlé ngumthengisi omkhulu wetshokolethi.Ngenxa yokuqeshwa kwabantwana eNtshona Afrika, iNestlé iye yanevumba elingakumbi nangakumbi kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo.Ingxelo ekwiWashington Post yathi uNestlé, kunye noMars noHershey, benza isibhambathiso sokuyeka ukusebenzisa ikokoko eqokelelwe ngokuqeshwa kwabantwana kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo, kodwa imigudu yabo ayizange iyicombulule le ngxaki.Lizibophelele ekunqandeni nasekuthinteleni ukuqeshwa kwabantwana ngenkqubo yalo ebanzi yokuhlola ukuqeshwa kwabantwana.Ngoku, inkqubo yayo yokucupha iye yasekwa kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwe-1,750 eCôte d'Ivoire.Esi sicwangciso saphunyezwa kamva eGhana.Kwakhona uNestlé wasungula iProjekthi yeCocoa ngo-2009 ukuze kuphuculwe ubomi bamafama nokunceda abantwana neentsapho zabo.Inkampani yathi kwiwebhusayithi yesebe layo lase-US ukuba uphawu alunyamezeli nhlobo ukurhweba kunye nobukhoboka.Inkampani iyavuma ukuba nangona kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe.
ULindt, omnye wabathengisi abakhulu betshokholethi, uye wasombulula le ngxaki ngenkqubo yecocoa ezinzileyo, enenzuzo ngokubanzi kwishishini lenkonzo yokutya kuba abasenaxhala malunga neengxaki eziqhelekileyo zesi sithako..Kunokuthiwa ukufumana ubonelelo kwiLint yindlela elungileyo yokwakha isixokelelwano sobonelelo esizinzileyo.Inkampani yetshokholethi yaseSwitzerland isandula ukutyala imali ezizigidi ezili-14 zeedola ukuqinisekisa ukuba unikezelo lwetshokholethi yayo luyalandeleka ngokupheleleyo kwaye luyaqinisekiswa.
Nangona ulawulo oluthile lweshishini lusetyenziswa ngeenzame zeWorld Cocoa Foundation, American Fair Trade, UTZ kunye neTropical Rainforest Alliance, kunye neInternational Fair Trade Organisation, iLint inethemba lokuba nolawulo olupheleleyo kwikhonkco labo lemveliso ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba yonke into yabo. Ukubonelela Zonke zizinzileyo kwaye zinobulungisa.ULindt wasungula inkqubo yakhe yezolimo eGhana ngo-2008 kwaye kamva wayandisa inkqubo e-Ecuador naseMadagascar.Ngokwengxelo kaLindt, ngamafama angama-3,000 ewonke athe axhamla kweli nyathelo lase-Ecuador.Kwale ngxelo ikwaxela ukuba inkqubo iqeqeshe ngempumelelo amafama angama-56,000 ngokusebenzisa i-Source Trust, elinye lamahlakani e-NGO kaLindet.
I-Ghirardelli Chocolate Inkampani, inxalenye yeQela likaLindt, nayo izimisele ukubonelela ngetshokholethi ezinzileyo kubasebenzisi bokuphela.Enyanisweni, ngaphezu kwe-85% yokubonelela kwayo ithengwa ngenkqubo yezolimo kaLindt.ULindt noGhirardelli benza konke okusemandleni abo ukubonelela ngexabiso kwisixokelelwano sabo sokubonelela, ishishini lenkonzo yokutya akufuneki likhathazeke xa kuziwa kwimiba yeenqobo ezisesikweni kunye namaxabiso abawahlawulayo xa bethenga.
Nangona itshokholethi iya kuqhubeka ithandwa kwihlabathi liphela, indawo enkulu yeshishini kufuneka itshintshe ubume bayo ukuze ivumelane nemivuzo ephezulu yabavelisi bembotyi yekoko.Amaxabiso aphezulu e-cocoa anceda imboni yenkonzo yokutya ilungiselele ukutya okunokuziphatha kunye nokuzinzileyo, ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba abo batya ukutya banciphisa ulonwabo lwabo olunetyala.Ngethamsanqa, ziya zisanda iinkampani ezinyusa iinzame zazo.